Effects of Clinician Theoretical Orientation and Patient Explanatory Bias on Initial Clinical Judgments
نویسنده
چکیده
The effects oj clinician theoretical orientation and patient explanatory bias (implicit orientation) were assessed in a 3 X 3 factorial design. Behavioral, cognitive, and ps\chodynamic clinical trainees viewed a videotaped intake interview with a female actress who explained her fear of going on elevators according to one of three explanatory biases: learned reactions, faulty thoughts, or underlying conflicts. After viewing the tape, clinicians made judgments about the patient's responsiveness to therapy. Across all three experimental conditions, psychodynamic clinicians expressed more "pessimistic"prognoses than both behavioral and cognitive clinicians who did not differ. However, among psychodynamic clinicians, those who viewed the patient whose explanatory bias was consistent with a psychodynamic orientation were less pessimistic than were their colleagues exposed to patient explanatory biases inconsistent with a psychodynamic orientation. The implications of the experiment for client-therapist matching, clinical training, and rapproachmenl between orientations are discussed.
منابع مشابه
Blindness in Randomized Controlled Trials
In combination with randomization, blinding or masking is an important factor in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), particularly in trials that assess therapeutic effects. Here an attempt is made to explain blindness and why it is important. In clinical trials, blinding is defined as the condition imposed on a study in which study participants, health care providers and assessors collecting o...
متن کاملOrientation-dependent biases in length judgments of isolated stimuli
Vertical line segments tend to be perceived as longer than horizontal ones of the same length, but this may in part be due to configuration effects. To minimize such effects, we used isolated line segments in a two-interval, forced choice paradigm, not limiting ourselves to horizontal and vertical. We fitted psychometric curves using a Bayesian method that assumes that, for a given subject, the...
متن کاملAgreement between clinician and patient ratings of adaptive functioning and developmental history.
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric researchers rely heavily on patient report data for clinical research. However, patient reports are prone to defensive and self-presentation biases. Recent research using practice networks has relied on clinician reports, and both forensic and personality disorder researchers have recently turned to quantified data from clinically expert observers as well. However, critics...
متن کاملEffects of lateral head inclination on multimodal spatial orientation judgments in neglect: evidence for impaired spatial orientation constancy.
Recent research revealed that patients with spatial hemineglect show deficits in the judgment of the subjective vertical and horizontal. Systematic deviations in the subjective axes have been demonstrated in the visual and tactile modality, indicating a supramodal spatial orientation deficit. Further, the magnitude of the bias was shown to be modulated by head- and body-position. The present st...
متن کاملDo Interviewers Sell Themselves Short? The Effects of Selling Orientation on Interviewers’ Judgments
Drawing on alternative perspectives about the automaticity of dispositional judgments, we examine whether the motivation to attract the other (i.e., selling orientation) in interpersonal first meetings (e.g., job interviews) helps or hinders the accuracy and validity of dispositional judgments. In a laboratory study (Study 1) we found that selling orientation reduced the accuracy of interviewer...
متن کامل